In a typical fire season, mixes like these could increase ozone levels by as much as 3 parts per billion in the western United States, the researchers estimate. So when wildfire smoke wafts over cityscapes, a boost of nitrous oxides could jump-start ozone production again, Xu says. #HAZEOVER REDDIT FULL#Without this key ingredient, ozone production slows substantially.Īir pollution from cities and other urban areas is chock full of noxious gases. Yet their analysis showed that the concentration of nitrogen oxides decreases in the hours after the plume is swept downwind. “We took a complex question and gave it a simple answer,” says Xu, who did the work while at Caltech.Īs expected, the researchers found that wildfire emissions contain a dizzying array of organic compounds and nitrogen oxide species among other molecules that contribute to ozone formation. Using these measurements along with the wind patterns and fuel from each wildfire sampled, the researchers created a straightforward equation to calculate ozone production from wildfire emissions. By weaving in and out of the smoke as it drifted downwind from the flames, the team also analyzed how the plume’s chemical composition changed over time. As the plane passed headlong through the plumes, instruments onboard recorded the kinds and amounts of each molecule detected in the haze. In July and August 2019, the flight team collected air samples from smoldering landscapes across the western United States. Through a joint project with NASA and NOAA, the researchers worked with the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality flight campaign to transform a jetliner into a flying laboratory. So Xu and colleagues took to the sky to observe the chemistry in action. But a list of ingredients isn’t enough to replicate a wildfire’s ozone recipe. Many ingredients for making ozone - such as volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides - can be found in wildfire smoke, says Lu Xu, an atmospheric chemist currently at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Chemical Sciences Laboratory in Boulder, Colo. The findings suggest that mixing wildfire smoke with nitrogen oxides - toxic gases found in car exhaust - could pump up ozone levels in urban areas, researchers report December 8 in Science Advances.Ītmospheric ozone is a major component of smog that can trigger respiratory problems in humans and wildlife ( SN: 1/4/21). But exactly how - and to what extent - wildfire emissions contribute to ozone levels downwind of the fires has been a matter of debate for years, says Joel Thornton, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington in Seattle.Ī new study has now revealed the elusive chemistry behind ozone production in wildfire plumes. Many of these airborne compounds, including ozone, cause air quality to plummet as wind carries the smoldering haze over cities. If there isn't, you'll need something like Hidden Bar () to hide it.Wildfire smoke and urban air pollution bring out the worst in each other.Īs wildfires rage, they transform their burned fuel into a complex chemical cocktail of smoke. #HAZEOVER REDDIT HOW TO#
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